"machinations, hollowness, treachery and all ruinous disorders follow us disquitely to our graves" (Act I scene II)
He did not have to give us that detailed description of what is left, but because he did, it gives the reader/audience memeber a sense of much deeper, and much more specific despair.
He uses series to make a local point very global:
"love cools, freidnship falls off, brothers divide: in cities, mutinies; in countries, discord; in palaces, treason; and the bond craked 'twixt son and father" (act I Scene II)
So many problems in the world, and he compares a bond broken between a father and son to treason in a kingdom. We then get a sense of how deeply he feels betrayed because of this juxtaposition.
To emphasize loyalty: Kent could have easily just said, "I will serve loyally" but instead takes it that much further, and swears loyalty in a much stronger way when saying:
"to serve him truly that will put me in trust; to love him that is honest; to converse with him that is wise and says little; to fear judgement; to fight when I cannot choose, and to eat no fish"(act I scene IV)
Shakespeare creates a witty fool with wordplay:"they'll have me whipped for speaking true, thou'lt have me whipped for lying, and sometimes I am whipped for holding my peace" (act I scene IV)
In empasizing incredulousness at his daughters' lecherous behaviour:"They durst not do't;
They could not, would not dot; 't is worse than murder" (Act II scene IV)
By use of word-play and series, Lear's feelings are magnified and maddened. Truely creating a clear image of frustration and anger (even without seeing an actor perform it)
"You think I'll weep; No, I'll not weep:
I have full cause of weeping; but this heart
Shall brake into a hundred thousand flaws,
Or ere I'll weep." (Act II scene IV)
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